8个电工基础知识，纯干货分享

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18个电工基础知识，新手入门必备的知识点，需要的朋友收藏备用。

1、220伏家用电源插座接线规定

单相插座有多种，常分两孔和三孔。

两孔并排分左右，三孔组成品字形。

接线孔旁标字母，L为火N为零。

三孔之中还有E，表示接地在正中。

面对插座定方向，各孔接线有规定。

左接零线右接火，保护地线接正中。

图片

插座

2、三相电源中线电流、相电流和线电压、相电压的定义

三相电压分相、线，火零为相，火火线，

三相电流分相、线，绕组为相，火线线。

说明

对于三相电源，输出电压和电流都有相和线之分，分别叫“相电压”，“线电压”，“相电流”，“线电流”。相电压是指火线和零线之间的电压，火线与火线之间的电压叫线电压;相电流是指流过每一相绕组的电流，线电流是流过每一条火线的电流。

图片

什么是三相电

3、漏电保护器的选择

选择漏电保护器，供电方式为第一。

单相电源二百二，二线二级或单级。

三相三线三百八，选用三级保护器。

三相四线三百八，四线三级或四级。

“级”表示开关触点

“线”表示进、出线

图片

漏电保护器

4、灯泡不亮的原因查找办法

灯泡不亮叫人烦，常见原因灯丝断。

透明灯泡看得着，否则可用电笔验。

合上开关点两端，都不发亮火线断。

一亮一灭灯丝断，两端都亮断零线。

图片

照明电路

5、电容串并联的有关计算

电容串联值下降，相当板距在加长，

各容倒数再求和，再求倒数总容量。

电容并联值增加，相当板面在增大，

并后容量很好求，各容数值来相加。

想起电阻串并联，电容计算正相反，

电容串联电阻并，电容并联电阻串。

图片

电容

说明

两个或两个以上电容器串联时，相当于绝缘距离加长，因为只有最靠两边的两块极板起作用，又因电容和距离成反比，距离增加，电容下降;两个或两个以上电容器并联时，相当于极板的面积增大了，又因电容和面积成正比，面积增加，电容增大。

6、感性负载电路中电流和电压的相位关系

电源一通电压时，电流一时难通达，

切断电源电压断，电流一时难切断，

上述比喻较通俗，电压在前流在后，

两者相差电角度，最大数值九十度。

图片

电机

7、仪用电流互感器的使用方法和注意事项

仪用电流互感器，实际是台变压器。

常用低压变高压，电流刚好成反比。

配接仪表测大流，电度计量也必须。

仪表显示成变比，得出数值为实际。

二次两端接仪表，K1、K2来标记。

额定电流五安培，配用仪表要注意。

两端不可呈开路，不要串联熔断器。

防止触电保安全，铁心、K2要接地。

一次串入电路中，L1、2来标记。

1进2出去负载，三相测量是必须。

常用测量一变比，使用单比互感器。

本身只设二次线，测量线路即为一。

图片

互感器

8、用并联电容提高感性负载电路功率因数的计算方法(一)

负载功率除压方，再除三一四得商。

该商再乘两数差，两数求值按下法。

先知现有功因数，反角函数求角度。

求出该角正切值，作为上面第一数。

再设预想功因数，同样方法求角度。

也求该角正切值，作为上面第二数。






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